MSS EUR HODGSON/85 Limbu manuscripts: texts of religion and culture 1846
Manuscripts relating to Limbu religion and culture including worship and prayer by Phedangbas to the gods of Yakthung kings, cosmological text known as Phago's book (collected and compiled by Jobhansing Phago Limbu and also inaccurately known as as Lakṣmī-saṃvāda), customs and manners, moral teachings (upadeśa), traditional beliefs, rituals and prayers related to agricultural cultivation and harvesting, marriage, comparative vocabulary of Madesyā (Madeshe or Hindi), Parvatyā (Parvate or Nepali), Nevārī (Newar), Limbu, Lāpchyā (Lepcha), Bhoṭyā (Tibetan dialect spoken along the Himalayan border), Mechyā (Meche), Murmi (Tamang), Sunuvār (Sunwar), Sukhimi Bhoṭyā (Sikkim Tibetan), Dharmā Bhoṭyā (Bhutanese Tibetan), Bhoṭ or Lhasa Bhoṭyā (Lhasa Tibetan), Kirānti (Rai) [vol 83-85/various fol.various] .
1[vol.85 fol(s)1-42] Limbu text concerning Phedangbas and the cult of the gods of the Yakthung kings 1903 Marga sudi 3, date completed Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair writing, ff. 10 and 39-42 blank.
Limbu Limbu Nepali
Text on the cult of the gods of Limbu Yakthung kings conducted by the Phedangbas with material on Limbu cosmology and traditional beliefs, remedies for diseases caused by evil agents. Major subjects covered by the text can be divided into following points:
Limbu cosmology;
Origin of different kinds of gods and goddesses representing good and evil;
Origin of different kinds of Limbu priests, Phedangba (Phedangma), Samba, Yeba and Yema and their functions;
Details of cults of different gods and goddesses, including expenses and fees of the Limbu priests;
This text, with an original Limbu version in Kiranti characters, Nagari transcription of the Limbu and Nepali translation, was given the title "phedāṅmāko Laṃbar" by Hodgson's Research Assistant Khardār Jitmohan. Nepali title description similar to colophon with dedication to Hodgson and dates and names of the writers, collectors.
2[vol.85 fol(s)43-66b] Text on Limbu religion and culture (dharma and calana) 1846 ? Hand-made but slightly acidic paper, fine condition, fair writing.
Limbu
Religious tradition and culture of the Limbus, description of their areas of settlement, their well-known 10 forts (gaḍhi or yak), detailed descriptions of life-cycle rites and rituals; Nepali title description with Roman transliteration, first four lines are translated into Nepali, verso of folio 65 has some Limbu characters with Nagari transliteration in pencil; cross reference for territorial descriptions of the Limbu region [vol 60/26 fol.240-247] .
3[vol.85 fol(s)67-94] Limbu words and phrases from Yakthung text on moral and religious teachings 1846 ? Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair writing, ff. 93-94 are blank.
Limbu Limbu Nepali
Limbu language (words and phrases from the Yakthung book of religious and moral teachings); words are numbered and total 1,061 of which 700 are translated from Limbu into Nepali; Nepali title description with Roman transliteration ("limbuharuko boli limbuharuko upadesh pustak"), Limbu text with Nepali translation to folio 81 but then only Limbu.
4[vol.85 fol(s)95-108] Limbu text on traditional beliefs, rituals and prayers related to agricultural cultivation, harvesting and marriage 1846 ? Hand-made Nepali paper, a small section of which is also mixed with slightly acidic paper, fine condition, fair writing, folio 108 is blank.
Limbu Limbu Nepali
Description of traditional beliefs, rituals, prayers and proceedings related to agricultural cultivation, harvesting and marriage, agricultural cycle starting from the month of Phagun (March-April); Nepali title description with Roman transliteration stating "liṃbuharuko vihāko aur khetipāti gairha vranyā kramako", original sack number (8) is mentioned in Nepali.
5[vol.85 fol(s)109-128] Limbu text of prayer and moral teachings known as Phago's book (book compiled by Jobhansing Phago Limbu) also known corruptly as Lakṣmīsaṃvāda 1846 ? Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair writing, folio 128 is blank.
Limbu Limbu Nepali
Collection of religious prayers and moral teachings (upadeśa) together with some account of Limbu cosmology, compiled by Phago (Jobhansing Phago) and also inaccurately known as Lakṣmīsaṃvāda. The work is sometimes referred to as 'Limbu high culture' or 'the Sanskrit of the Limbus' (liṃbuko saṃskṛt), introduced in the Nepali text as the teaching or śāstra of Sri Mubokhangma.
This text can also be called a Limbu vocabulary because each word from this book of prayer has been listed by number and translated separately in Nepali.
Nepali title description with Roman transliteration.
6[vol.85 fol(s)129-150 verso] Limbu account of Gorkha-Limbu War by Jobhansing Phago Limbu originally collected and written in VE 1900 Copied in 1846 Nepali hand-made paper.
Limbu Nepali Newari
Limbu account of the Gorkha-Limbu War written by Jobhansing Phago Limbu in 1900 VE and bilingual (Nepali-Limbu and Newari-Limbu) lists of phrases at the beginning of folio 129 and on the verso of the final folio (150); for an English translation see Chemjong translation unpublished BL. MSS Eur. D537. In his translation in the final section of MSS Eur D 537, I. S. Chemjong has omitted about four lines describing the very cruel killings by the Gorkhali army of Khambu Kiranti men and male children including babies taken from the womb of pregnant Khambu women (ff. 131-132). See also [Dhungel_2006:52-56] (available online in June 2011 at http://himalmag.com/component/content/article/1567-The-long-ago-fight-for-Kirant-identity.html).
7[vol.85 fol(s)151-158] Limbu folktales from Yakthung or Yakthungba Munthung with Madhyesiyā (Hindi) translation 1846 1846 ? Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair writing, folio 158 is blank.
Limbu Hindi
Limbu folktales from the Yakthung or Yakthungba Mundhum used for the study of vocabulary, bilingual with Madhyesiyā (Hindi); Nepali title description with Roman transliteration reading "yākthuṃbāhā muṃthuṃ liṃbuharukā dantyākathā."
8[vol.85 fol(s)159-278] Comparative vocabularies 1846 ? Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, written in table format, ff. 221-224 and 227 are blank.
Mixed Lepcha
Madesyā (Hindi), Parvatyā (Parbate or Nepali), Nevārī (Newar), Limbu, Lāpchyā (Lepcha), Bhoṭyā (Tibetan or Bhote dialect spoken along the high Himalayan border areas of Nepal), Mechyā (Meche, spoken by about 3,000 in the eastern Tarai; equated by Ethnologue with Bodo, which has 600,000 speakers in Assam and elsewhere, but treated by some scholars as an independent language within a Bodo sub-group [van Driem_2001:501]), Murmi (Tamang), Sunuvār (Sunwar), Sukhimi Bhoṭyā (Sikkimi or Sikkim Tibetan), Dharmā Bhoṭyā (Bhutanese Tibetan), Bhoṭ or Lhasa Bhoṭyā (Lhasa Tibetan), Kirāti (Rai); a page long text in a dehāti (=of the Tarai) language written in Nagari script (folio 220b); names of different ethnic groups covered in the vocabulary in Roman, a note in Romanized Hindi reading "sabka bolimen milāyāhuvā" and translated as "matched with languages of all ethnic groups." For other similar items, see [vol 83-85/02-08 fol.25-278] .