MSS EUR HODGSON/60 Buddhist philosophy, law and justice, royal codes, ethnology, history (originally labelled as Hindi, religion, law, geography but actually only a couple of manuscripts in Hindi mostly in Nepali) 1820s-1840s
		Buddhism: Mahayana philosophy compared with Hindu philosophies (partly in question-and answer form), historical account of Nepal from a Buddhist perspective, Buddhist and Hindu-Buddhist deities, Buddhist texts, law or royal codes (institutes) of Sthiti Malla and Ranabahadur Shah, state rules and regulations including law and justice (partly in question-and answer form), social order, customs and manners, ethnological studies including important historical materials relating to Newar, Lepcha, Rai, Limbu, Tamang (Murmi), Magar and Gurung.
		1[vol.60 fol(s)1-11b] Questions (savāl) related to Buddhism Nepali hand-made paper, fine writing.
				Nepali
				Hodgson's questionnaire on Buddhism in Nepal: 146 very detailed questions about Buddhist beliefs and their links with Hindu ones; English and Hindi title description. For English version but with some differences, see [vol 18/08 fol.115-132] [Hodgson_1874:35-53].
		2[vol.60 fol(s)13-22] Buddhist account of Nepal (vaṃśāvali) Nepali hand-made paper, poor writing.
				Nepali
				Mixture of legend and history, stories related to Buddhist antiquities in Kathmandu Valley, origin of Svayaṃbhū and origin and development of settlements and kingdom in the valley.
		3[vol.60 fol(s)23-27] Lists of Hindu and Buddhist deities, Buddhist pilgrimage centres Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Lists of Buddhist and Hindu deities, Tibetan and Sanskrit names of selected Buddhist deities, Newar names of selected pilgrimage centres, months, days, list of deities from Dharmadhātumaṇdala (a type of circular diagram filled with painted or drawn images of Buddhist deities); English and Farsi title description and notes.
		4[vol.60 fol(s)28-31b] Buddhist or Bodhisattva emblems and the story of Hariṇacakra 1846 Nepali hand-made paper except one machine-made paper.
				Nepali
				Drawings and explanations of 42 Bodhisattva emblems, text of the story of the 42nd emblem i.e. the Hariṇcakrakathā believed to have been told by the Buddha at the request of Bhiksu Ananda; English and Nepali title description and note mentioning the sending of the original text and emblems to Hodgson in Darjeeling and the date of their arrival.
		5[vol.60 fol(s)32] Explanation of the characters of śrāvaka, arhata, vajrācārya or vajrasattva, cailaka and explanation of yogāṃvara Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Basic duties and characters of such Buddhist practitioners, iconographic and etymological explanation of yogāṃvara.
		6[vol.60 fol(s)33-38] Brief story of Shakyamuni (Śākyamuniko saṃkṣiptakathā) Machine-made paper, clear writing.
				Nepali
				Legends related to BuddhaShakyamuni and the Shakya kingdom and dynasty, including meanings and explanation of Adibuddha, Vairocanbuddha.
		7[vol.60 fol(s)39-132] Law and justice, courts, crimes and punishment 1830 Nepali hand-made and machine-made paper, writings of different hands.
				Nepali Hindi
				Documents relating to courts and the judicial system:
				ff. 39-49: 38 answers on specific points;
				ff. 50-52: Organisation of and income from the four principal courts of the capital (mul-adālat or cāradālat, viz. Koṭiliṃga, Itācapali, Taksār and Bhansār) including an explanation of different types of crimes and punishments;
				ff. 53-55: Additional explanations on some confusing questions;
				ff. 56-58: Inclusive list of crimes and punishments and of councils (sabhā) with judicial functions;
				f. 59: 32 answers on the judicial system collected by Bicāri Shankar (a single folio in the form of a very long folded paper);
				ff. 60-75: 15 questions and answers on civil and criminal (devāni and phaujdāri) cases and procedure;
				ff. 76-114: 38 answers on specific points;
				ff. 115-134: Sets of 30 and 44 answers (javāph) and some other documents including one submitted by Bhojanlal and the other by Sardar Bagsing Raya;
				ff. 128-130: Personal letter to Hodgson from Sardar Bagsing Raya written from Banaras regarding specific questions and answers and some personal matters such as a request for a land grant near Banaras, internal dispute in Nepal, see [vol 06/02 fol.13-28][vol 06/07 fol.81-156][vol 11/01 fol.1-50][vol 12/01 fol.1-115][vol 54/01 fol.1-115][vol 54/04 fol.126-166][vol 59/27 fol.123][vol 60/28 fol.252-55]
				[Hodgson_1834:45-46, ][Hodgson_1834:258-279, ][Hodgson_1836:94-134]. English and Nepali title description.
		8[vol.60 fol(s)135-138] Rules for different castes of Newars in Patan as observed in the year 1839 (VE 1896) 1839 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Newar castes of Patan, their customs, manners and prescribed or traditional occupations, beginning with the cyāmakhala (sweeper or toilet cleaner) caste and ending with Thakura or Thaku/Thakula (ruling class including Malla and others); English title description, see [vol 59/22 fol.93-96] .
		9[vol.60 fol(s)139-150] Castes of Nepal and their occupations 1832 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali Sanskrit
				Castes of hill people and Newars: their occupations, castes and family names of Newars in Sanskrit, Newari, and the language of the Tarai (Madesh) or north Indian plains, list of 37 castes of Nepal from Brahmin to Pode (executioners and sweepers/cleaners), extensive list of castes of Nepal with paurāṇika (formal Sanskrit) and contemporary vernacular names and identities; English, Nepali and Farsi transliterated title description and notes.
		10[vol.60 fol(s)151-152] List of officials assigned for the duties of gunāl and dīpamālā in the Indrajatra festival Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				List of assigned officials for the duty of gunāl and dīpamālā by related temple and tol; Nepali title description.
		11[vol.60 fol(s)153-154] Funeral rites of ruling castes (Thakuris and Chhetris) in general with details of ceremonies held for Queen Samrajyalakshmi Devi (died 6 October 1841) 1841 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of funeral rites from the time of last breath at Aryaghat at Pashupati for jalayoga (partial immersion in water) to the thirteenth day after the queen’s death and the prescription of one-year mourning for officials and common people, eleventh-day vṛṣasvarga rite with kāṭṭo offerings and special feast and dāna to mahābrahmaṇa (Brahman scapegoat); total expense of the eleventh-day rite was Rs. 40,300; Nepali and English title description.
		12[vol.60 fol(s)155] Royal order related to crime and punishment: regulation regarding sexual relations with elder brother's wife (bhāuju virāu garne) dated VE 1898 1898 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Decree declaring sexual relations with elder brother's wife (bhāuju) a major sexual crime, scale of punishment according to position in caste hierarchy, exclusion of Kirantis (Rais), Limbus, Lepcha and Jumlis from this prohibition.
		13[vol.60 fol(s)156] Rules for mourning the death of the king 1841 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Regulations and restrictions for different sorts of people concerning worship and prayer, fairs and festivals, music and dance during the one year's mourning (śok or āshauc) period; English and Nepali title description.
		14[vol.60 fol(s)157-158] Shops of Kathmandu and Patan Nepali hand-made paper, very fine writing.
				Nepali
				Lists of shops in Kathmandu and Patan with specialities of goods sold, total number of shops in Kathmandu was 1,347 and Patan 454; for English note and translation of this manuscript, see [vol 06/05 fol.74-76][vol 14/17 fol.177-87] ; Nepali title description.
		15[vol.60 fol(s)159-164] Regulations (Institutes) of Ranabahadur Shah (copy of the well-known copper-plate or tāmrapatra) 1855 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Royal code issued by Ranabahadur Shah (Svāmi Mahārāj) in 1855 VE (March 1799); English and Nepali title description. For other royal codes, regulations or institutes (commonly mentioned as sudhār in Nepali history books) including summary and translation in English, see [vol 11/04 fol.102-146][vol 27/10 fol.74-88][vol 51/10 fol.176-180][vol 59/14 fol.62-65][vol 59/22 fol.93-96] and the items below (ff. 165-172).
		16[vol.60 fol(s)165-167] Jayasthiti Malla's reform Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				A brief copy of the Royal Code ascribed to (Jaya) Sthiti Malla (reigned c. 1382-1395, but king of Patan from 1370) acquired from buḍhājanaral ('the old general' Bhimsen's father?) with content similar to the Bhāṣāvaṃśāvali; Nepali title description. For English summary and translation of this and other royal codes, regulations or institutes (commonly referred to as sudhār in Nepali history books), see [vol 11/04 fol.102-146][vol 27/10 fol.74-88][vol 51/10 fol.176-180][vol 59/14 fol.62-65][vol 59/22 fol.93-96] and the items above (ff. 159-164) and below (ff. 168-172). It is uncertain which of the reforms attributed to Jayasthiti Malla actually date from his time.
		17[vol.60 fol(s)168-170] Ranabahadur Shah's regulations (copy of copperplate inscription) 1843 copied in Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				New regulation or Royal Code of Ranabahadur Shah introducing a system of very cruel and inhuman punishment promulgated a year before his assassination in 1805 (VE 1862) showing deep conflict within the court and Ranabahadur's madness; English title description, copy acquired from the King. For other royal codes or regulations (commonly described as sudhār in Nepali history books) including English summary and translation, see [vol 11/04 fol.102-146][vol 27/10 fol.74-88][vol 51/11 fol.176-180][vol 59/14 fol.62-65][vol 59/22 fol.93-96] .
		18[vol.60 fol(s)171-172] Law code (institutes in original) supposedly promulgated by Jayasthiti Malla (reigned c. 1382-1395, king of Patan from 1370) 1843 copied in Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Summary of the Royal Code ascribed to Jayasthiti Malla, giving his own previous name as Jaya Malla and his father's name as Ashva Malla, system of punishment for different castes and prescription of occupational duties, dated to NE 539 (CE 1417-1418) but this does not tally with the dates of Jayasthiti Malla, who was the ruler of the Kathmandu Valley (Nepala Mandala) from 1370 or slightly earlier till 1395; English title description, copy acquired from the King. For cross reference, see Items 16 and 17 ff. 165-172 above.
		19[vol.60 fol(s)173-174] Family names of different ethnic communities of Nepal 1829 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				List of family names beginning with Eastern Brahmans and ending with Nyāsur Bhoṭyā (Tamangs of Nyāsur?), gotra (clan) also mentioned in many cases.
		20[vol.60 fol(s)175-176, 184-86] Rough notes concerning the Nuwakot area 1840 Nepali hand-made paper, rough notes, manuscripts are not numbered nor are they bound in a proper order.
				Nepali
				Notes including descriptions of routes, place names, rivers, ethnic composition, agricultural products (vegetables and grains).
		21[vol.60 fol(s)177-183, 187-196] Murmi/Lama (Tamangs) of Nepal 1842 Nepali hand-made paper, manuscripts are not numbered nor are they bound in a proper order.
				Nepali
				Questions and answers covering areas of settlement, origin and history, family names or clans, customs and manners, religion, occupations, social hierarchy, dress and ornaments, selected vocabulary items; English, Nepali and Farsi title description and notes. For English summary and translation, see [vol 05/01 fol.25-78] and other manuscripts on a similar topic [vol 56/18 fol.64-78][vol 57/05 fol.27-33][vol 58/17 fol.64][vol 60/21 fol.177-196][vol 74/18 fol.131, 168] .
		22[vol.60 fol(s)197-217] Newars ??-12-1830 (Friday) Nepali hand-made paper, not in proper order.
				Hindi
				Mainly on marriage and death rites, marriage with bel nut or bel-vibāha, death rites of low caste Newars; Nepali and English title description, information collected by chitrakār (Rajman Sing?).
		23[vol.60 fol(s)218-228b] Lepcha Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Areas of settlement, origin and history, family names or clans, customs and manners, religion, occupations, economy, social hierarchy, dress and ornaments; Nepali title description. For English summary and translation, see [vol 05/01 fol.25-78] .
				ff. 219: A six-line note in Kaithi script containing names of local dignitaries from the Jaleshwar area of Nepal's Tarai such as Babu Gangadhar Singh, Babu Rambakas Singh, Chandrakar Shukla, Ishvari Padhya, Sukalal Padhya, Ramprasad Tivari. For some other names of feudals from the Jaleshwar area and land transaction and disputes, see [vol 58/27 fol.97-98][vol 84/04 fol.156, 163] .
		24[vol.60 fol(s)230-237] LepchaMunthum 1846 Nepali hand-made paper, not arranged in proper order, folio 229 title page misplaced from the manuscripts related to Kirati (Rāi).
				Nepali Lepcha
				Complete Lepcha Munthum (scriptures) of Saṃpṛklāp (SampritiLapcha or Lepcha?) compiled by Khardar Jitmohan with the help of Hamsabaj Subba-Limbu of Ilam, Nepali translation and Lepcha original transliterated into Nagari script.
		25[vol.60 fol(s)239] Gurung deities, spirits and annual worship and prayers Nepali hand-made paper, folio 238 blank.
				Nepali
				List of beneficial deities and evil spirits and forms of worship and prayers described by Ramsing Gurung, religious activities of the Gurungs.
		26[vol.60 fol(s)240-247] Limbu ethnography (detailed survey) Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Areas of settlement, origin and history, family names or clans of the Dasa-Limbu (common name of the Limbus of ten different sub-groups) including the Sampriti and Niti Limbu (the former possibly influenced by the Hindu-Gorkhali norms and the latter by traditional indigenous Limbu ones) [Dhungel 2006:??], customs and manners, religion, rituals and deities, occupations, agricultural cycle and different types of crops, economy, household utensils and weapons, social hierarchy, domestic animals and birds, dress and ornaments. For English summary and translation, see [vol 05/01 fol.25-78] ; Nepali title description.
		27[vol.60 fol(s)248-251] Kiranti (Rais) Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Origin and history, areas of settlement, customs and manners, rituals from birth to face-shaving for boys and gunyu-colo (bodice and skirt) for girls (a ceremony at which girls first put on adult womens' clothing). For English summary and translation, see [vol 05/01 fol.1-78] .
		28[vol.60 fol(s)252-255] Questions and answers related to the judicial and penal system under Buddhist and Hindu rulers of Nepal Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Answers provided by a local Buddhist Pandit (Amritananda?) to six questions related to the judicial and penal system under Buddhist rulers of Nepal, compared to that of Hindus, see [vol 06/02 fol.13-28][vol 06/07 fol.81-156][vol 11/01 fol.1-50][vol 12/01 fol.1-115][vol 54/01 fol.1-115][vol 54/04 fol.126-166][vol 59/27 fol.123][vol 60/07 fol.39-132] [Hodgson_1834:45-46, ][Hodgson_1834:258-279, ][Hodgson_1836:94-134].
		29[vol.60 fol(s)253] Family names of Magars 1831 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali Nepali
				Three separate lists of Ale, Rana and ThapaMagars, all together 37 family names.
		30[vol.60 fol(s)254] Accounts of ministers and kajis (chiefs or senior government officials), report of VE 1897 appointments (pajani) 1840 Nepali hand-made paper, poor Avadhi type of writing.
				Hindi mixed/Kaithi
				Descriptive account of ministers and kajis from the time of Ranabahadur Shah to Rajendrabikram Shah (1840), includes name and age of all appointed officials and a critical observation of Bhimsen's role in administration, his rise and his fall. For an English version, see [vol 01/02 fol.23-24][vol 18/01 fol.1] .
		31[vol.60 fol(s)255] Questions and answers on law and justice (trial and punishment of low-caste persons for sexual offences) Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Covering adultery (jārī), process of prosecution, ending with the respondent or writer eulogising Hodgson and begging for his assistance [Hodgson_1880:236-250].