MSS EUR HODGSON/1 British relations with Nepal 1760-1860
		While this volume consists mainly of historical accounts and letters relating to Britain-Nepal relations, there are also a couple of papers on other subjects. Except for a few Nepali titles, the descriptions in this volume are by B. Hodgson, A. Campbell and J. Tickell.
		1 [vol.1 fol(s)1-22] Memorandum regarding a mission from the Government of Nepal to the Governor-General in Calcutta 1837 25x19 cm.; imported paper, written by Campbell with locally produced ink, first page slightly faded, otherwise in good condition.
				English
				A memorandum regarding a mission from the Government of Nepal to the Governor-General of India in Calcutta prepared in 1835-1836 by A. Campbell, Officiating Assistant Resident of the British Mission in Kathmandu. The text of the memorandum contains 79 points in total, certified as a true copy of the original by Campbell with the date of its reproduction. Although his name is not explicitly mentioned, this must be the account of Mathbarsingh Thapa's mission to Calcutta. This item has been referred to variously as "Memorandum on the Durbar's Mission to Governor General" or "Memorandum on the Calcutta Mission"[Hasrat_1970: 347][Whelpton_1991:61] Foreign Political Proceedings (FP), 24 April 1837, No. 82 (India Office Records).
		2 [vol.1 fol(s)23-24] Contemporary list of the royal family and important officials (ministers and courtiers) of Nepal 1843 32.5x20 cm.; imported paper, heavily corrected rough writings by A. Campbell and Hodgson in locally produced ink.
				English
				The checklist mostly includes names with age and designated official title (rank), the structural organisation of the military, general details of the administration (both central and local) and the distribution of the army at different strategic points around the country. Cross reference to a note in Nepali [vol 52/13 fol.165-171] and other manuscripts relating to similar subjects [vol 01/02 fol.23-24] [vol 18/02 fol.2-7] [vol 26/19 fol.116-17] [vol 52/13 fol.165-71] [vol 58/24 fol.74-76] [vol 60/30 fol.254] [vol 74/12 fol.97-104] [vol 99/07 fol.50-55] [vol 99/15 fol.152-56] .
		3 [vol.1 fol(s)25-214] Relations between the British Government in India and Nepal to 1834 1835-1837 34x21 cm.; imported paper, written with locally produced ink with corrections in pencil, first page slightly faded, otherwise in good condition.
				English
				Although this unit is at first sight a series of separate papers, they were intended to be combined into a single narrative for publication under one title. In some cases, duplicate copies are also included.
				ff. 25-55: History of the relationship between British India and Nepal beginning from the time of Captain Kinloch's mission of 1767 to 1834, prepared by A. Campbell, Assistant Resident to Nepal, using British Residency records, other authentic sources and personal observation (Hodgson's personal copy). The paper describes major incidents in chronological order;
				ff. 52-108: A supplementary narrative of the same subject also by Campbell including a covering letter dated July 1837 (the narrative itself claims to be more authentic and to provide fuller information);
				ff. 109-110: Under the subtitle Appendix-A, there is also a copy of an official letter by the Marquess of Wellesley, Governor-General from 1798 to 1805, to the King of Nepal;
				ff. 113-151: A narrative prepared with general observations by Campbell (ff. 113-132) and a copy of an unrecorded note by Hodgson written in 1833 on the same subject (ff. 133-151). These are intended for inclusion in the second part of the historical sketch. The unrecorded note by Hodgson is actually an Appendix to Part II of the narrative;
				ff. 152-214: Another copy of the same material belonging to Campbell himself.
		4 [vol.1 fol(s)216-223] Hodgson's letter to the Governor-General 20-12-1834 24.8x20 cm.; two types of imported paper, thick and thin, written with locally produced ink with lots of corrections and addenda, Hodgson's own handwriting, good condition.
				English
				Some hints about ideological and practical differences between Hodgson and the Governor-General (Lord William Bentinck) regarding British policy in Nepal;
				A critical examination of the history of the relationship including a description of the current state of Nepal's internal administration;
				A strong focus on the importance of maintaining the British Residency in Nepal;
				Weaknesses of British policy and advocacy of a harder line aimed particularly at bringing the Nepalese court under control;
				Hodgson's observation of the clear anti-British policy of the ruling elite in general and in particular of mukhtiyār (Chief Minister) Bhimsen Thapa.
		5 [vol.1 fol(s)224-230] Abstract of political relations with Nepal 1834 34x20 cm.; imported paper, written with locally produced ink, rough copy with corrections and addenda, mainly Campbell's writing but corrections and addenda by Hodgson, in good condition.
				English
				The abstract, which is simply a concluding essay to the documents described in Items 3 and 4 above, includes the following major points:
				Critical observations by Hodgson on the history of Britain-Nepal relations including an analysis of the Treaty of Sugauli of 1816, which according to Hodgson, was in some respects disadvantageous for the British. He observes, for example, that there was not even the slightest mention of any right of British intervention in the Government of Nepal while the return to Nepal of the most productive Tarai land let her recover fast from the losses in the war with British India. Hodgson argues that the British government was thus reduced to the role of an aloof and indifferent spectator;
				Criticism of the policy of Bhimsen Thapa, who headed the government as mukhtiyār, and who Hodgson blames for not fulfilling the obligation of respect and sincerity towards British India after the Treaty;
				Bhimsen Thapa's position, his unchallenged command of the Nepali administration and the predicament in which this placed the British;
				Issues relating to the border problem in the Tarai region of Nepal and the neighbouring states of India;
				Abstract accounts of the gross loss to the British Government and the solid benefits to Nepal from the dealings with Nepal in general, and after the Treaty of Sugauli in particular;
				Two important political suggestions by Hodgson regarding British policy towards Nepal: (a) either Nepal must be left as a permanently safe and friendly neighbour, or (b) strict retaliatory action should be taken to convince Bhimsen Thapa of his folly and to bring the Nepalese court under the control of the British Government in India.
		6 [vol.1 fol(s)231-235] Statement of what has passed between the Government of Nepal and the English from first to last 1861 32x19.5 cm. and 34x20.5 cm.; imported paper, written with locally produced ink but a pencil note on the folio first by Hodgson, then very fine copy by Campbell, in good condition.
				English
				At the beginning of this document, there is a three-line personal note by Hodgson written in pencil stating that the paper had already been included in a printed volume on the Nepalese account of relations between the two governments. The paper lists major events in Britain-Nepal relations from the beginning to the date of writing, i.e. 1805. Dates are given according to the Vikrama Era (VE), which was commonly used for official purposes in Nepal. The original list of events must evidently have been prepared by a Nepali chronicler and later translated into English, most probably by Hodgson's assistants. This is confirmed by the Nepali title description given at the bottom page of the other copy of the same paper in this volume [vol 01/08 fol.290b] . The actual Nepali date of its creation is VE phālguṇa 1861 which corresponds to April 1805, not 1815 as mistakenly calculated by Hodgson's team. The document covers the period from 1769 to 1805 and includes the following main points:
				Captain Kinloch's mission;
				Dinanath Upadhyaya's diplomatic appointment to work in Calcutta;
				Gorkha's military campaign in the Kirata area in Eastern Nepal;
				An issue related to Vijaypur, Mirza Abdullah and Rautahat;
				The Nepal-Tibet war and its impact on Britain-Nepal relations;
				Bilateral help and understanding between Nepal and British India;
				A concluding assertion of Nepal's unwillingness to maintain cordial relations with the British.
		7 [vol.1 fol(s)236-280] Principal events in Nepal between 1830 and 1840 12-1840 34x21 cm.; imported paper, written with locally produced ink, handwriting of Assistant Resident J. R. Tickell, in good condition.
				English
				The summary of events begins with a covering letter addressed to Hodgson describing it as excerpts from the Resident's letters. The events are explained in clear chronological order with separate entries for each year as in previous reports prepared by A. Campbell, but without further comments on the Nepalese government's unchanged attitude towards the British. Without missing a single principal incident, it summarises the conspiratorial politics and family rivalries plaguing the court of Nepal during the period. The summary focuses particularly on the feud between the Thapa and Pande families (with special emphasis on Bhimsen Thapa and Mathbarsingh Thapa), and the members of the royal family. This document is also found in Government of India records (FS 18 Jan 1841, No. 74) and has been published in [Hasrat_1970:289-308].
		8 [vol.1 fol(s)281-290] Nepalese narrative of Britain-Nepal relations from printed volume 1840 33.7x20.5 cm.; imported paper, written with locally produced ink, Campbell's handwriting, in good condition.
				English
				This is simply a second copy of the statement on Britain-Nepal relations described above under Item 6. The only difference is the inclusion of the title of the document in the Nepali language (with an admixture of Newar particles) and Nāgarī script on the final page (folio 290b). The Nepali title can be translated as "the description of incidents related to the different border regions of the British and Nepali Governments." Besides this, the original box and sack number at the time of shipment of the materials are also given in Nepali, as are a few other words and numerals.