MSS EUR HODGSON/59 Ethnography, topography, revenue, military 1820s-1850s
		Different ethnic communities, revenue records, population of the Kathmandu Valley, sketch maps of Nepal, Sikkim and Tibet, royal codes (institutes or social, economic and administrative reforms) of Malla and Shah kings, originals and copies of royal orders and official letters, copies of Malla inscriptions, routes and itineraries from Kathmandu to Peking, military records, personal letters and notes. For general cross reference and summary and English translation of most of the subjects covered by the manuscripts in this volume, see [vol 07/different fol.different][vol 13/different fol.different] .
		1[vol.59 fol(s)1] Newar festivals (jātrās) ??-08-1830 Nepali hand-made paper, rough Avadhi script.
				Avadi/Maithili
				List of the major traditional festivals of the Newars celebrated in a 12-month cycle beginning from the Nateshwarijatra and Ghodejatra celebrated in the month of Chaitra and ending with a description of Shivaratri and Holi celebrated in the month of Phālguṇa; names of the contractors of the Degutaleju (Taleju as lineage goddess) are given as Birkesar (Pande?) and Ranganath (Poudyal?); information collected by Shankarlal in 1830; English title description by Hodgson.
		2[vol.59 fol(s)2] Revenue collected and special privileges offered to Limbu Subbas of Cāṅge village of then Chainpur (now Taplejung district) Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Privileges offered to Limbu subbas of Cāṅge village known as pāñcpagari subbās, revenue collected from different households of the subbās and the people under them.
		3[vol.59 fol(s)3] Specification of the areas of settlement and original family names of Limbu, Rai, Yakha and Bhote from the East of theArun river 1846 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Specification of the areas of settlement of the Limbus and Bhote (people of Tibetan origin) including the division of their territories; different family names and areas of settlement of the Rais, Yakhas and Limbus of Pallokirat (the area under the administrative jurisdiction of the district of Chainpur up to the Ilam area).
		4[vol.59 fol(s)3-6] History, customs and manners of the Kiratis (Rais) and Murmis (Tamangs) 1846 Nepali hand-made paper, fragmented documents.
				Nepali
				Description covering the history, areas of settlement, different family names, life-cycle rites, religious rituals, information collected from the oral narration of Gajaul Kirati Rai of Solma village in Majhuwa.
		5[vol.59 fol(s)7-8] 'sarvarakam' revenue arrangement 1837 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of revenue collected under the sarvarakam arrangement from the contractors for different former states and major administrative districts of Nepal. General meaning of 'sarvarakam' is a contract to collect all kinds of revenue due to the state from a particular area.
		6[vol.59 fol(s)9-10] Population and households of the three cities, Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur 1836 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Hindi Nepali
				Total population and number of households of the three cities of the Kathmandu valley, figures checked and compared with the size of population immediately before and after the Gorkha conquest by Hodgson's staff; see also under English summary and translation section [vol 03/16 fol.139-148][vol 06/03 fol.28-33] .
		7[vol.59 fol(s)11-14] Revenue collected from contractors 1843 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				List of sources of state revenue, various kinds of customs duties, contracted amounts and areas (districts, villages former states, tributary states), names of revenue contractors (ijārādārs), including revenue from outside of Nepal, e.g. from Lhasa and Rampur.
		8[vol.59 fol(s)15-50] Maps and sketch drawings indicating revenue and some historical places and related letters and notes Nepali hand-made paper, except ff. 33-34 machine-made paper.
				Nepali Urdu English
				Sketch drawing of maps of different areas between Sikkim and Mahakali indicating revenue collected from each of them prepared by Budharam Tiwari (includes information on the history of revenue administration), sketches of military barracks (chāuni) in Kathmandu and the historic city of Simraungadh, rough notes in English and Farsi by Hodgson, Budharam's personal letters to Hodgson, account of revenue collected from different places. A map of part of Western Nepal on ff. 25-26 is reproduced in [Harley_Woodward_1987:Volume 2, Book 2, 432 (Fg. 17.27)]
		9[vol.59 fol(s)52] Identification of location of different areas of western Nepal such as areas under Jumla, Malevaṃ (Parvat), Gorkha and Pokhara Nepali hand-made paper, very poor and rough writing, very difficult to read.
				Avadi/Maithili
				General identification of the location of different major administrative units of western Nepal (but not clear) such as the area east from the Bheri river and west from the Kali river under Jumla, east from the Kali and west from the Marsyangdi river under Pokhara and east from the Marsyangdi river and west from the Trishuli river under Gorkha;
				Definition of different types of land tenure including birtā (land where most of the state's rights were transferred to the grantee) and its various subcategories (e.g. chāp, paṭāi or paṭī), raikariyā (i.e. raikar land where the state itself continued to act as landlord);
				The inclusion of chāp (a non-heritable birtā grant often made for the maintenance of former officials) indicates that Regmi, [Regmi_1976:35] was wrong to state that the category originated under the Rana regime.
		10[vol.59 fol(s)53] Bhimsen Thapa's order regarding revenue from Ṭokani pragannā (pargannā in Farsi) in Bārā district 1885 Nepali hand-made paper, original sanad.
				Nepali
				Bhimsen Thapa's letter (sanad) to MeshkarAmāli of Ṭokani pragannā (corrupted form of Farsi (Persian)/Hindi term pargannā standing for a sub-division of a district) in Bārā regarding a land revenue contract.
		11[vol.59 fol(s)54b] Content of selected documents from Hodgson's archive in Darjeeling 1855 Nepali hand-made paper, rough note.
				Nepali
				Record of the issuance of manuscripts from Hodgson's own archive in Darjeeling, content of documents borrowed by Hodgson and his wife on different dates, showing the system of strict record keeping he set up for his collection.
		12[vol.59 fol(s)55] Fragment of household survey record Nepali hand-made paper, incomplete fragment.
				Nepali
				Number of households in different villages (population).
		13[vol.59 fol(s)56-59] Copy of inscription from the time of Sriniwas Malla of Patan (reigned 1661-1665) 1673, 1675 (NS 793, 7950) Nepali hand-made paper.
				Newari Nepali
				Copy of formal agreement between the three kingdoms of the Kathmandu valley (inscribed on metal) regarding the regulation of juṭho and sutak (13 and 11 days of impurity in a household or family circle caused by death or delivery of a child respectively), copy of inscription from the Matsyendranath temple, Patan, related to fairs and festivals and general maintenance of the temple and its compound; English title description.
		14[vol.59 fol(s)62b-65] Royal code (institutes in original) of King Rajendra dated VE 1896 1896 Nepali hand-made paper, (skip of ff. 60-61).
				Nepali
				The royal code divided into eight principal sections including amendments and addenda from the old code of Ram Shah of Gorkha (reigned 1614-1636); Nepali and English title description. For regulations (institutes) or codes of other Malla and Shah rulers including summary and translation, see [vol 11/04 fol.102-146][vol 27/10 fol.74-88][vol 51/10 fol.176-180][vol 59/22 fol.93-96][vol 60/15 fol.159-64][vol 60/16 fol.165-67][vol 60/17 fol.168-70][vol 60/18 fol.171-72] .
		15[vol.59 fol(s)66-68] Fragments of revenue-related notes and a few Buddhist drawings Nepali hand-made paper, very rough note and sketches.
				Nepali
				Rough account of revenue, drawing of a chaitya (Buddhist stupa) and seated Buddhist icon, not very clear; Nepali title description describing the contents as 'miscellaneous papers' (phāṭphuṭ kāgaj).
		16[vol.59 fol(s)69-79b] List of Newar castes Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				List of Newar castes including Buddhist and Hindu high status groups and 'untouchables' at the base, with description of priests, family and social order (lokācār and kulācār), social hierarchy, restrictions on acceptance of food and water and on physical contact and matrimonial relationships across caste boundaries (chuwāchut prathā or chut-achut prathā). Partially transliterated into Persian-Arabic script, important for the study of Newar social order.
		17[vol.59 fol(s)72] Land revenue arrangements from the time of King Prithvinarayan Shah (reigned 1743-1775) to General Bhimsen Thapa (mukhtiyār or chief minister 1806-1837) 1830s Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali Hindi
				Land measurement, prices for different grades of land, land tax, market prices of different kinds of grain, types of land tenure (including birtā or freehold and other types). The four grades of irrigated land and their prices are: abbal (1 rupee per ropani), doyam (12 ānā per ropani), sim (8 ānā per ropani) and cāhār (4 ānā per ropani). Similarly for ghaiyā khet (unirrigated) land: abbal (12 ānā per ropani), doyam (8 ānā per ropani), sim (4 ānā per ropani) and cāhār (2 paisa per ropani). Measurement of khet (irrigated rice land) was in terms of its yield. For example, a plot producing 4 muris of rice yearly was counted as 1 ropani and one producing 100 muris as 1 khet (a unit of measurement as well as generic term). Nepali title description; for English version of the manuscripts dealing with land tenure and land revenue system of Nepal, see [vol 13/1-5 fol.1-270] .
		18[vol.59 fol(s)73-78] Land tenure and inheritance rules of the Newars 1833 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Newari Newari Hindi
				Inheritance of land and other property after the death of an individual who does not have offspring or close relatives;
				Descriptions of different types of land tenure/property rights including sunāvirtā (covering land and house, landholder with full ownership rights but liable to taxation), guṭhivirtā (covering land and house normally gifted by individual landholder for religious purposes), kuśavirtā (grants made to Brahmans and or ascetics), jivantavirtā (lifetime or livelihood grant also known nowadays as jiunī), dolāji system (bringing of a bridegroom or bride into the household) and property inheritance under it, see [vol 13/03 fol.140-143][vol 102/09 fol.35-36] . The original has the erroneous spellings kosahvirtā and jivontavirtā;
				List of terminology related to land tenure among the Newars, other property transactions, different types of written documents and inscriptions;
				English and Nepali title description, information collected and written by a person referred to as citrakār, presumably Hodgson's own artist and assistant Rajman Singh.
		19[vol.59 fol(s)79] Comparative list of Newar family and caste names Nepali hand-made paper.
				Newari Sanskrit
				36 Newar surnames and caste names with alternative names for some of the groups.
		20[vol.59 fol(s)80-83] Copy of an order by King Rajendra related to a contract on mining 1876 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Contract for different mines and adjacent villages; for original and English translation, see [vol 14/18 fol.208-218] .
		21[vol.59 fol(s)84-92] Sketch drawing maps of Tibet (Bhoṭ) 1824 Nepali hand-made paper, broad sheet.
				Tibetan Farsi
				Sketch map of Tibet with details including place names, mountains and rivers, in several cases drawn in Nepal for Hodgson by a visiting Lama merchant of Tibet; English title description.
		22[vol.59 fol(s)93-96] Institutes of King Vishnu Malla of Patan promulgated in 1735 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of the royal code (institutes) popularly known as "sudhār" (reform) of Vishnu Malla (reigned c. 1729-1745); Nepali and English title description. For codes of other Malla and Shah rulers, see [vol 27/10 fol.74-88][vol 51/10 fol.176-180][vol 60/15 fol.159-164][vol 60/16 fol.165-167][vol 60/17 fol.168-170][vol 60/08 fol.135-138] and for Hodgson's English translation and summary of various codes, see [vol 11/04 fol.102-146] .
		23[vol.59 fol(s)97-104] Routes from Kathmandu to Beijing (Pechin) 1840 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Routes to Beijing including the one used by the delegation of Kāji Dalbhanjan Pande in 1822-1823 (VE 1879-1880): Kathmandu to Beijing, details of overnight halting places, distances in kos, major mountains and ridges, passes, bridges, lakes, forts and rivers; English and Nepali title description, see [vol 02/03 fol.30-32] for Hodgson's English summary and also [vol 58/28 fol.100-103] . On the 1822 mission, see [Manandhar_2004:II, 13-14].
		24[vol.59 fol(s)105-115] List of confiscated property of a government official Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of confiscated property of Daroga Kishan Jaisi of Kathmandu (Bhimsen Thapa's official) including slaves, houses, land, cash and kind, animals; English and Nepali title description. For Hodgson's English translation and summary, see [vol 05/04 fol.177-190] .
		25[vol.59 fol(s)116-120] Rough list of human skulls, animals and birds collected by Hodgson 1846-1856 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Hindi Avadi/Maithili
				List with dates of collection, identification of ethnicity (for human skulls), price paid, source, place names, Hindi title description.
		26[vol.59 fol(s)121] Limbu folktale used for the study of language Nepali hand-made paper, incomplete or fragment.
				Limbu
				Word-for-word translation of a popular Limbu folktale.
		27[vol.59 fol(s)123] Questions regarding law and justice Machine-made paper, incomplete fragment.
				Nepali
				Questions regarding system of justice, courts. See also [vol 06/02 fol.13-28][vol 06/07 fol.81-156][vol 11/01 fol.1-50][vol 12/01 fol.1-115][vol 54/01 fol.1-115][vol 60/07 fol.39-132][vol 60/28 fol.252-255] [Hodgson_1834:45-46, 258-279, ][Hodgson_1880:211-250].
		28[vol.59 fol(s)126-142] Army and defence Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Military weapons, forts, system of payment and salaries, distribution of military in different places and names of different units. For English manuscripts relating to the army, see [vol 06/08 fol.157-180][vol 07/02 fol.3-30][vol 07/05 fol.33-57][vol 11/06 fol.190-264][vol 10/01 fol.1-59][vol 09/10, 15-23 fol.59-62,104-194] , other army related manuscripts in Nepali [vol 71/1,4-15,21-24 fol.1-132][vol 70/01 fol.1-44] [Hodgson_1833:217-224, ][Hodgson_1874:37-44]; folio 129 is not related to the army but lists contents of documents collected by Hodgson; English title description.
		29[vol.59 fol(s)143-152] Land revenue and other statistics including household record of various villages 1930s Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Revenue and other statistical detail for Salyan, villages between Dudkoshi and Mechi, Bheri and Dudkoshi, Sunkoshi and Dudhkoshi, Sanga-Sindhu and Sunkoshi, Trishuli and Sanga-Sindhu, Marsyangdi and Trishuli, Kali and Marsyangdi, Bheri and Kali; Nepali title description.
		30[vol.59 fol(s)153-160] Account of income from land assigned as army salary, VE 1893-1895 1836-1838 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of land assigned as military salary, income from such land, breakdown by different military units and by region (Srinath Kaṃpu (one of the regiments in the Kathmandu garrison) and Palṭan (main army units) as a whole), see [vol 70/01 fol.1-44][vol 71/various including 01, 04-06, 08-09,13-15, 21-24 fol.1-211] .
		31[vol.59 fol(s)161] Copies of Hodgson's letters to Jang Bahadur and Hemdalsing Thapa 1855 Nepali hand-made paper, two types of ink, one letter is incomplete, Hodgson's Nepali writing.
				Nepali
				Relationship between Hodgson, Jang Bahadur Rana (Prime Minister and later Maharaja, in office 1846-1877), Hemdalsing Thapa and Gajraj Thapa (Hemdal's son and Jang's son-in-law), Jang's special help to Hodgson's son Henry while the former was on an official visit to England (1850) and arrangements made by Hodgson for Gajraj Thapa's study in Darjeeling (1855-1857) [Dhungel_2004:43-45, ][Waterhouse_2004:13-14, 35]. Between 1843 and 1852, Henry was in England with his relatives. For additional letters exchanged between Jang Bahadur, Hemdal, Gajraj and Hodgson, cross reference Hodgson's Autograph Book deposited in the Royal Asiatic Society of London.
		32[vol.59 fol(s)162-165] Revenue and expenditure of the City of Patan 1871 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of revenue and expenditure of Patan VE 1871; Nepali title description. For English summary, see [vol 13/04 fol.179-222] and for another manuscript with similar content, see [vol 59/36 fol.170-81] .
		33[vol.59 fol(s)166-169] Expenditure on members of the royal family and palace affair through Tosakhana office 1819 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of the royal expenses of the year VE 1870 (CE 1813).
		34[vol.59 fol(s)170-171] Revenue and expenditure of Bhādgāun (Bhaktapur) 1824 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of the revenue and expenditure of Bhaktapur VE 1875 (CE 1818). For another manuscript relating to revenue and expenditure of Bhaktapur, see [vol 59/36 fol.170-181] and for an English summary of the manuscript, see [vol 13/03 fol.139-178][vol 13/04 fol.179-222][vol 59/36 fol.170-81] .
		35[vol.59 fol(s)172-173] Revenue from various contracted-out taxes 1889 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of revenue for the year VE 1889 (CE 1832) from contractors responsible for the collection of taxes known as nirkhi (or nirikh - sales tax), sāyar (custom duty in Tarai), kinārā (kirānā) (duty on groceries and other items for daily use), kapās (duty on cotton), bhaiṃsī (duty on buffalos), expenses met through these taxes; Nepali title description [vol 07/11 fol.81-90] .
		36[vol.59 fol(s)170-181] Land revenue and expenditure of Bhādgāun (Bhaktapur) and Patan 1830s Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of revenue collected from different wards (ṭol) and from different land types covering the years between VE 1857 and 1882 (CE 1800-1825). For another manuscript relating to revenue and expenditure of Bhaktapur, see [vol 59/32 fol.162-65][vol 59/34 fol.170-171] and for an English summary of the manuscripts relating to Bhaktapur revenue, see [vol 13/03 fol.139-178][vol 13/04 fol.179-222] .
		37[vol.59 fol(s)182-204] Military units and Attendance Record of VE 1865-1866 1865-1866 Mostly Nepali hand-made and some machine-made paper.
				Nepali
				List of army units with strength and name of commanding officer, ethnic breakdown of the army, location of units, in some cases including information on recent deaths; Nepali, English and Farsi title description. For Hodgson's report in English, see [vol 07/05 fol.33-57][vol 09/20 fol.160-62][vol 09/22 fol.164-77][vol 09/23 fol.178-94][vol 10/01 fol.1-59][vol 10/06 fol.190-264] .
		38[vol.59 fol(s)205-240] Revenue and levies from the whole of Jumla VE 1894 1894 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali
				Details of revenue and other statistics for traditional darās (sub-divisions of districts), villages, households, land held by each village, land revenue, different types of levies. For Hodgson's English summary of this manuscript, see [vol 08/01 fol.1-8b] and for summary in Farsi (Persian), see [vol 102/21 fol.115-116] .