MSS EUR HODGSON/21 Religion and philosophy, mostly Buddhist, some Hindu, rites and rituals 1825-1837
		Translations of select Buddhist texts, Nepali Buddhist chronicles and legends, Buddhism (philosophy, practice and rituals), common Hindu and Buddhist deities, fairs, festivals and religious fasts of Nepal. Most of the translation, summary and notes in this volume are the work of one of Hodgson's native assistants.
		1 [vol.21 fol(s)1, 11-13] An account of the principal religious rites of the Bandyas extracted from Pūjākāṇḍa Nepali hand-made paper, excellent condition, rough hand of a non-native user of English, some corrections.
				English
				A list of ten principal Buddhist rites of the NewarShakya and Bajracharya castes from birth (darśana) to initiation (dīkṣā or upanayana) with descriptive narration, but not complete. For a published essay entitled "The Prabrajyā vrata or Initiatory Rites of the Buddhists according to Puja-kand" (Pūjākāṇḍa), see [vol 21/14 fol.130-133] [vol 07/22 fol.140-150] [vol 102/13 fol.74-78] [Hodgson_1841:][Hodgson_1874:139-145].
				The final folio of the paper is separated (f. 1).
		2 [vol.21 fol(s)verso of folio 1] Copy of Hodgson's letter to a person named Arun Nepali hand-made paper, excellent condition, rough hand of a non-native user of English.
				English
				Acknowledgement of the receipt of Arun's letter with good wishes for a swift recovery from illness, letter is incomplete.
		3 [vol.21 fol(s)2-10] Account of Siddhinarasimha Malla Nepali hand-made paper, excellent condition, rough hand of a non-native user of English with some corrections.
				English
				Account of Siddhinarasimha Malla covering the period between 1647 and 1655, probably translated or rewritten on the basis of popular Nepali chronicles, can be compared with the description given by Daniel Wright[Wright_1877: 238-241]; for original Nepali, see [vol 51/13 fol.183-85] .
		4 [vol.21 fol(s)14-18] Buddhist prayer and puraścarana pūjā performed for rain at Shantipur, Swayambhu 1894 Nepali hand-made paper, fair hand but fading ink and hard to read, condition of paper is fine.
				English
				Detailed description of puraṣcarana puja including the reading of Svayaṃbhūpurāṇa, Mahāsūtra and Pañcarakṣā performed by Bandyas at Shantipur under the special order of the king. It is said that this was necessary as in the year 1837 there was no rain in Nepal.
		5 [vol.21 fol(s)19-24] Account of Buddhist monks and Bajracharyas with historical background, customs and manners Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, rough hand of a native writer.
				English
				Essay on Buddhism (practice, philosophy and rituals). The essay seems to have been composed by one of Hodgson's native assistants, (possibly by Amritananda) in answer to his questions about the tradition, customs and manners of Buddhist monks, ṣrāvakas, cailakas, arhatas and vajrācāryas see ff. 137-148 below.
		6 [vol.21 fol(s)25-57] Buddhist account of Nepal (Nepāl Mahātmya) describing legends related to the origination of Swayambhu and the Kathmandu Valley Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, rough hand of a native writer.
				English
				Buddhist legends and account of Nepal: origin of settlement in the Valley, origin of Swayambhu, traditional beliefs related to the scarcity of rain in Nepal and the blood painted Maṇḍala in Shantipur, nāgas of the valley and stories related to Buddhist figures including Jayaśrī, Jīnaśrī and Śāntaśrī. This description is practically the same as that translated by Sylvain Levi and Daniel Wright [Levi _1905-8:161-178], [Wright _1877:??]. Some similarities to this account can also be found in the so-called Padmagiri Chronicle published by Bikrama Jit Hasrat[Hasrat_1970: 1-22]. Similarities can also be seen in the early part of the other genealogical and legendary account in Nepali collected by Hodgson's team, see [vol 52/02 fol.7-52] .
		7 [vol.21 fol(s)58] Deities of Nepal proper common to Buddhists and Brahminists Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, rough hands.
				English
				Major Hindu and Buddhist deities of the Valley, most of them thought of as in groups of four, nine and sixty-four, such as:Cār-Ganeśa,Cār-nārāyaṇa,Nava or Nau-Durgā, Daśa-Digpāla andCausaṭṭhī-Liṃga. All deities have been clearly identified as either Buddhist or Hindu.
		8 [vol.21 fol(s)59-70 (64, 66-69 blank)] Buddhist legend of desiccation and planting of Nepal Valley 1825 Nepali hand-made paper (except one leaf of machine-made, folio 65), mostly fine condition, beginning page (folio 59) has fading ink and the folio with machine-made paper is written in pencil, Hodgson's own rough writing.
				English
				Popular Buddhist legends relating to the original planting of the Valley and the story of the arrival of Mañjuśrī and the draining of water. This is the same story as published by Hodgson [Hodgson_1874:115-120]. Some similarities to this account can also be found in the so-called Padmagiri Chronicle published by Bikrama Jit Hasrat[Hasrat_1970: 1-22]. Some similarities can be seen in the early part of the other genealogical and legendary accounts in Nepali, see [vol 52/02 fol.7-52] .
		9 [vol.21 fol(s)71-102] Religious fasts (vrata), fairs and festivals of the Nepal Valley according to the widely used lunar calendar Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, rough hand of a native writer.
				English Sanskrit
				List of festivals and fasts of the Kathmandu Valley (yātrā and vrata) with brief descriptions listed according to the order of the lunar calendar, see [vol 07/18 fol.112] [vol 09/05 fol.29-38] .
		10 [vol.21 fol(s)103-114] 108 Dharmālokas or precepts described in the fourth chapter of the Lalitavistara with translation and explanation of the chapter Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, mostly fair hands.
				Sanskrit English
				ff. 103-105: List containing names of 108 dharmālokas described in the fourth chapter (adhyāya) of the Lalitavistara, a Mahayana Buddhist text related to legends about the life of Gautama Buddha, also used as a text on the iconography of the Buddha;
				ff. 106-114: Translation and explanation of the fourth chapter of the Lalitavistara including individual explanations of each of the 108 dharmālokas. For another short list, see [vol 26/17 fol.109] .
		11 [vol.21 fol(s)115-118] Sixty-four Buddhist sciences, thirty-two marks (dvātriṃśa lakṣaṇa) and eighty signs of beauty (vyañjanā) as described by the Dharmasaṃgraha and sixty-four scripts (lipi) Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair hand.
				Sanskrit English
				ff. 115-116: Details of sixty-four forms of knowledge (sciences) recognised by Buddhists with names and translation, e.g. the technique of playing musical instruments, interpreting images and pictures, understanding the significance of a jackal's cry, astrology and the art of maintaining friendship;
				f. 117: Thirty-two auspicious marks (symptoms) (dvātriṃśa lakṣaṇa) and eighty signs of beauty (vayñjanā), corruptly written as "80 Vinjens". Bare lists are given without translation;
				f. 118: Two separate lists of sixty-four scripts (catuṣaṣthī lipi) described in Buddhist texts and twenty scripts used in Nepal and India.
		12 [vol.21 fol(s)119-127] Details of Mahayana Buddhism according to Lalitavistara, Karuṇāpuṇḍarīka and Buddhacaryā Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair hand.
				English Sanskrit
				f. 119: 42 sūtras from the Mahayana tradition (a bare list);
				f. 120: Translation of the hymn or praise to Mahayana;
				ff. 121-127: Details of Mahayana ('the Great Vehicle of sixty-four-fold wisdom, door to the light of doctrine') including a list of names of the sutras and descriptions, the list begins with "Pranidhāna" or 'the act of surrender to the divine will'.
				Title description in Nepali on the verso of folio 127 reads "dharmālokamukha causaṭhḥtīvidya-mahāyāna".
		13 [vol.21 fol(s)128-129] Characters of Pratyakayāna and Śrāvakayāna compared, and lists of Pañcābhijñana, Aṣṭasiddhi. Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair hand.
				Sanskrit
				Bare lists of six separate groups of Buddhist terms related to the Pratyakayāna, Śrāvakayāna, Pañcābhijñana (Fivefold Wisdom) and Aṣṭasiddhi (Eight Adepts).
		14 [vol.21 fol(s)130-133] Translation of a portion of the Pūjākāṇḍa relating to the Six Paramitas Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair hand.
				English Sanskrit
				Translation of a portion of the Pūjākāṇḍa related to the system of the Six Paramitas with some original Sanskrit verses in Nagari script, see [vol 21/01 fol.11-13] [vol 07/22 fol.140-150] [vol 102/13 fol.74-78] .
		15 [vol.21 fol(s)134-136] Description of the Daharmacakra maṇḍala Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, fair hand.
				English
				A brief description of the Daharmacakramaṇḍala (Circle of the Wheel of the Dharma);
				Nepali and English title description on the verso of folio 136 which reads trayodaśasaṃskāra vamojima Kriyāsaṃgraha aṃgrejī sameta Daharmacakramaṇḍala/ Trayodas Sanskar or "Chief duties of Bandyas and the Dharma Chakra mandala." The Kriyāsaṃgraha is a manual of Buddhist rituals composed before the disappearance of Buddhism in India.
		16 [vol.21 fol(s)137-148] Translation of the section of Kriyāsamuccaya of Mundana Acharya dealing with the marks (lakṣaṇa) of Buddhist monks (Bhikṣu) and the third chapter of the text of Rakṣābhagavatī Nepali hand-made paper, fine condition, rough hand of a native writer.
				English
				f. 137: Five main marks (pañca-lakṣaṇa) of a Buddhist monk;
				ff. 138-142: Fifteen signs, disciplines and duties of a Buddhist monk, including the five abhiṣekas (pañcābhiṣeka);
				f. 142: Marks (lakṣaṇa) of a Srāvaka, Cailaka, Arhata and Vajrācārya;
				f. 148: Translation of the third chapter of the text of Rakṣābahgavatī.
				English and Nepali title description at the bottom of folio 148 which reads "Difinition of Bhikshu, Sravaka, Chailaka, Arhata from Kriya Samuccha and Raksha Bhagavati and the Caturvarna-lakshana" (in Nepali) "Caturvarṇako"see also item 5, ff. 19-24.
		17 [vol.21 fol(s)149-184] Account of Buddhist deities (including female consorts) with their respective names, abode, shape, age (yuga) in which they appeared, soul and professions Nepali hand-made paper, in some places fading ink, very rough hand of a native writer.
				English Sanskrit
				ff. 149-161: On Ādi-Buddha (ff. 149-151), Prajñā and Upāya including some notes on Tri-ratna and Prajñāpāramitā (ff. 152-155), Tri-ratna mixed with notes on Prajñā and Bodhisattva (ff. 156-161);
				ff. 161-166: Account of Pañca Dhyānī Buddha (Pañca-Buddha) (Five Celestial Buddhas);
				ff. 167-169: Account of five female consorts (Pañca-Prajñā) of the Pañca Dhyanī Buddha;
				ff. 170-172: Account of Pañca Bodhisattva (Five Bodhisattvas);
				ff. 172-174: Account of five female consorts (Pañca-Ṣakti) of the Pañca Bhodhisattva (5 female consorts);
				ff. 175-176: Account of the female consort of Vajrasattva or Karuṇāmaya, Vajrasattvātmikā;
				ff. 176-177: Account and description of the Sapta-Mānuṣī Buddha (Seven human Buddhas).