MSS EUR HODGSON/29 Buddhism and historical account 1820s
		Materials mostly dealing with Buddhism, including list of deities, texts, selected terms, objects, receipts for payment for copying Buddhist manuscripts, some historical accounts, copies of palm-leaf documents related to land transactions.
		1 [vol.29 fol(s)1-2] Daśapāramitāstotraṃ (praise of Daśapāramitā) Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Complete nine verses of Daśapāramitāstotra (praise of Ten Perfections).
		2 [vol.29 fol(s)3-4] Names of Mānuṣi-Buddha from Lalitavistara Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Thirty-one names of the human Buddha, who in the Mahayana Buddhist tradition is contrasted with the celestial ones.
		3 [vol.29 fol(s)5-6] Description of the Buddhas of ten directions (daśa-diśā)
				Sanskrit
				Description and names of the Buddhas representing each direction, excerpt from a text known as tadīyasmitāvabhāsa(?).
		4 [vol.29 fol(s)7-15] Buddha's names from Lalitavistara 1828 Machine-made and Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Different names of the Buddha, excerpts from Lalitavistara; includes English and Farsi transcriptions of the names.
		5 [vol.29 fol(s)16] List of Buddhist religious objects shipped to Calcutta in 1828 1828 Machine-made paper, Hodgson's writing.
				English Sanskrit
				A list of sculptures and other objects.
		6 [vol.29 fol(s)17] Historical account of Simraungadh and its ruling dynasty Nepali hand-made paper.
				Nepali Sanskrit
				History of the Kingdom (corresponding roughly with the Mithila region) and its walled capital in the Tarai in present-day Rautahat district, genealogy of the Karnata rulers up to Harisimhadeva.
		7 [vol.29 fol(s)18] Explanation of Kagyur (bKa'-'gyur) Machine-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Explanation of the term Kagyur (bKa'-'gyur), Tibetan name for records of the Buddha's own sayings Buddhavacana or the Tibetan compilation of translations of early Buddhist scriptures; includes Farsi transliteration. For Hodgson's English note on Kagyur and Tangyur (Bstan-'gyur), see [vol 18/14 fol.271-74] and other manuscripts relating to Kagyur, see [vol 12/10 fol.136-37] [vol 94/06 fol.33-39] [vol 97/01 fol.1-68] .
		8 [vol.29 fol(s)19-21] Selected Buddhist philosophical terms and prayers Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit Sanskrit
				Buddhist philosophical terms and prayers from different sources including the Buddhacarita. The philosophical terms svābhāvika, aiśvarika, kārmika, yātnika are included and explained. These terms were interpreted by Hodgson and his main informant for Buddhist studies, Amritananda, as denoting distinct schools of Buddhist thought, but their analysis seems to have been misconceived [Hodgson_1874:55-56, ][Gellner_1989:7-19]. For other manuscripts containing similar subject matter, see [vol 28/06 fol.21] [vol 28/08 fol.28-34] [vol 29/11 fol.54-101] [vol 98/12 fol.71-207] [vol 96/10 fol.60-73] . Farsi transliteration of the terms and translation of the prayer.
		9 [vol.29 fol(s)22-44] Prayers to Ādi-Buddha, Mānuṣī-Buddha, prajñā, saṃgha, tri-ratna, āmnāyas Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Prayers in verse collected from different Buddhist literary sources such as Kāraṇyavyuha, Aṣṭasahsrikāprajñāpāramitā, Bhadrakalyāvadāna, Pūjākāṇḍa, Guṇakāraṇyavyūha, Sādhanamālā. The Sanskrit term āmnāya basically means 'doctrine' or 'teaching', but in Hodgson's manuscripts it is a general word for a Buddhist divinity. The tri-āmnāya described in this manuscript is popularly known as the Buddhist Tri-Ratna, a collective name for the three Buddhist jewels (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha), also seen in composite form as a single deity. Manushi-Buddha is the human Buddha of Mahayana Buddhism. Adi-Buddha is also known as Vajradhara (phyags-nang rdo-rje in Tibetan Buddhism) and the prajñā means knowledge but the word sometimes also signifies the female consorts of the Adi-Buddha and other deities of Mahayana Buddhism. For another copy of the same manuscript, see [vol 29/12 fol.102-129] and for other items on related subject matter, see [vol 28/09 fol.36-37] [vol 28/22 fol.73-109] [vol 26/24 fol.132-135] [vol 26/25 fol.136] .
		10 [vol.29 fol(s)45-53] Mahāyānaśūtra and major rites and rituals of Vajrayana Buddhism Nepali hand-made and machine-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Mahāyānaśūtra, daily, monthly and yearly rituals of Vajrayana Buddhism prescribed by the śāstras, 13 rites (trayodaśa saṃskāra).
		11 [vol.29 fol(s)54-101] Account of the Caturvidhasaṃsāra (four world-views) of Mahāyāna Buddhists Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Full account of the four saṃsras, svābhāvika, aiśvarika, kārmika and yātnika with some repetition. These four world views or philosophical terms have also been described by Hodgson and his main source person for Buddhist studies, Amritananda, as schools of Buddhist thought, but their analysis seems to have been misconceived [Hodgson_1874:55-56, ][Gellner_1989:7-19]. For other manuscripts containing same subject matter, see [vol 28/06 fol.21] [vol 28/08 fol.28-34] [vol 29/08 fol.19-21] [vol 29/11 fol.54-101] [vol 98/12 fol.71-207] [vol 96/10 fol.60-73] . Includes Nepali, English and Farsi title descriptions.
		12 [vol.29 fol(s)102-129] Prayers to Ādi-Buddha, Mānuṣī-Buddha, prajñā, mahā-prajñā, saṃgha, tri-ratna, āmnāyas Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Identical to Item 9, ff. 22-44 above.
		13 [vol.29 fol(s)130] Colophon of a commentary on Suvantaratnākara of Subhutichandra from the time of Yaksha Malla Machine-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Colophon of a commentary on a Buddhist scripture known as Suvantaratnākara of Subhuticandra written by Pandit Abhayaraj during the reign of King Yaksha Malla of Nepalmandala (c. 1428-1482).
		14 [vol.29 fol(s)131-154] Copies of palm-leaf documents related to land, house and other property transactions from 16th-18th centuries 1820s Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit Newari
				Copies of 24 land documents originally written on palm-leaf (tāḍapatra) from Kathmandu, mostly dating from between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, but some from earlier and later dates. Some documents are related to the division, sale and grant of land or houses (whole building, section or storey). Even the ritual patrons (yajamāna) regularly using the services of particular priestly families have been included under the property division of such priestly families. Some documents are also related to the donation of grains and objects to different Buddhist monasteries and temples. Includes Nepali title description and a content list with rough sketches of the seals used in the documents. Most of the seals read "śrī 3 bhavāni" along with a trident and two moon figures in the middle and on top respectively. For translation of selected palm-leaf and other documents, see [vol 07/07 fol.60-62] .
		15 [vol.29 fol(s)155-156] Selected list of Buddhist deities and literature Machine-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Two separate lists of deities and texts.
		16 [vol.29 fol(s)157-158] Story related to the Buddhist origin of some of the Hindu deities, excerpt from Karaṇḍavyūha Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Story relating to the Buddhist origin of Brahma, Vishnu, Maheshwara, Saraswati, Chandrama, Aditya. Karaṇḍavyūha, one of the major Mahayana scriptures, asserts that Shiva and other Hindu deities are forms of Avalokiteshwara [Gellner_1992:95]. The text is also a major source for another Buddhist text, Guṇakaraṇḍavyūha, written in the 15th century in the Kathmandu Valley[Tuladhar-Douglas_2006:??]. For other manuscripts relating to Guṇakaraṇḍavyūha, see [vol 26/24 fol.132-35] [vol 28/09 fol.36-37] [vol 96/17 fol.] . Includes English title description.
		17 [vol.29 fol(s)159-160b] Selected Buddhist terms, popular story texts and a leaf of the text of Pañcābhijñahīnā Nepali hand-made paper, one leaf separated.
				Sanskrit
				Definition and meaning of the terms bodhi, bodhisattva and bauddha, selected list of popular story texts relating to traditional ethics and morality, and a leaf (2 folios) of the text of Pañcābhijñahīnā.
		18 [vol.29 fol(s)160c] A receipt from Pandit Amritananda to Hodgson 1827 Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Receipt from Amritananda for the payment of the cost of copying Buddhist and Hindu scriptures for Hodgson.
		19 [vol.29 fol(s)161] Selected list of Buddhist texts Machine-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Selected list of Buddhist scriptures containing 8 titles probably available in Nepal to Hodgson.
		20 [vol.29 fol(s)162-163] Copies of two historical inscriptions from Kirtipur 781 and 893 Haritāl pasted Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit Newari
				Copies of two historical inscriptions describing donations for Buddhist monuments and ceremonial activities in Kirtipur dated NE 781 (1661 CE) and NE 893 (1772 CE). Both inscriptions have been published recently and claimed as new discoveries [Shokoohy and Shokoohy_1994:213, 218, ][Shrestha_2000 (2057 VE):103, 115]. However, copies of these inscriptions had already been collected by Hodgson in the late 1820s.
		21 [vol.29 fol(s)163a-163b] Names of different mythological rulers and different Tathāgatas Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				A name list of mythological rulers and different forms of the Buddha (Tathāgata) known as dṛḍhaśūraṇasenapraharaṇa.
		22 [vol.29 fol(s)164-172] Selected list of technical Buddhist terms Nepali hand-made paper.
				Sanskrit
				Mostly philosophical terms such as śūnyatā (emptiness), daśavaśitā (10 subjections or controls), daśabhūmi (10 sacred places ?), daśavala (10 strengths), tridhātu (three elements), caturmahārājakayikā (bodies of the rulers of four directions), triguṇa (three qualities), pañcajñāna (five knowledges), pañcacakṣu (5 eyes or wisdoms), daśapāramitā (10 scriptures also considered as female Buddhist deities), daśajñāna (10 forms of knowledge), daśākāra (10 forms), pañcakāya (5 bodies), daśa-artha (10 objects or desires); includes Farsi transcription of all terms and English, Nepali and Farsi title descriptions.