MSS EUR HODGSON/22 Language and vocabulary, customs and manners of different ethnic groups and letters of personal and academic correspondence 1825-1850
		Various Asian ethnic groups, their languages and customs, Hodgson's correspondence with scholars working on Oriental studies including languages. Ethnic groups and languages covered are: Horpa, Sogpa, Sipanese, Tibetan, Indo-Chinese, Tamulian, different Himalayan dialects, Badhak, Khangur, Vayu or Hayu, Malayalam or Malbar, Singalese, Kuswar or Manzyi, Thulung, Bantawa, Bahing, Dungmali, Lohorong, Sang, Missong, Balali, Newari, Nasong, Mikin, Naga, Lalung, HojaiKachari, Assamese, Yerkla or Kurcha, Gondi and some more Nepali dialects such as Khasa, Danuwar, Tharu, Majhi, Chepang, Cole, together with personal correspondence of Hodgson with H. W. Willis, W. W. Smith, Pat Gerard, J. A. Crommelin, E. A. Rowlatt, F. Jenkins, T. J. Newbold and Henry Hodgson (Brian Hodgson's son).
		1 [vol.22 fol(s)1-14] Comparative analysis of the Horpa, Sogpa or Sok-pa, Sipanese, Tibetan, Indo Chinese, Tamulian and Himalayan languages Machine-made paper, fine condition, two different hands with pen and pencil, two copies of the same matter, first section fair copy with fair hand and last section rough draft with very rough hand.
				English
				ff. 1-8: A fair copy of a comparative study of the languages mentioned above ('Tamulian' is an obsolete term for the pre-Aryan languages of India which are no longer thought to form a single family). Sogpa is perhaps an obsolete name for a dialect of Horpa, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in SE China. 'Sipanese' is an alternative spelling for 'Sifan', the latter being the form used in Hodgson's published work and also the name of an ethnic group in Yunnan;
				ff. 9-14: A rough draft of the same by Hodgson himself. For another vocabulary of the Horpa language by Tickell with Hodgson's corrections and addendas, see [vol 25/07 fol.1-28] .
				This item is only a portion of a larger work on ethnic languages which is included in Volume 23, see [vol 23/all items fol.1-533] . For Hodgson's published works on this subject, see [Hodgson_1849:121-151, ][Hodgson_1853:121-151].
		2 [vol.22 fol(s)15-17] Vocabulary of words used by Badak and Kangur Dacoits and Ṭhugs and a letter from H. W. Willis describing such words 1849 Machine-made paper, fair condition, fair hands.
				English
				f. 15: A list of the comparative vocabularies of Badak (Bauria?) and Kangur with English translation (Badak is an alternative name for Bauria, an Indo-Aryan dialect spoken by a scheduled caste of that name in Panjab). The 'Kangur'/ 'Kanjur' language might possibly be connected with Kanjur, now a suburb of Bombay or, less likely, with Kangur in Afghanistan;
				f. 16: Letter from H. W. Willis to G. N. Bushby describing Badak and Kangur vocabulary, dated 15 September 1849.
				English title description on the verso of folio 17 reads "1849 Badak and Kanjūr Dacoits and Thugs' speech of Bushby, Nevbadda." For Bushby's letter to Hodgson describing these languages, see [vol 22/06 fol.165] .
		3 [vol.22 fol(s)18-20] Letter from G. W. W. Smith to Hodgson describing the denotation of the term "Bhote" 1825 Machine-made paper, fine condition, rough hand.
				English
				Discussion of the term Bhoṭe, Tibetan numerals, Tibet and Tibetan people. At the end of the letter, there is an expression of kind regard to Edward Gardner, Resident in Nepal (1816-1829).
		4 [vol.22 fol(s)21-22] Letter from Pat Gerard to Hodgson 03-07-1825 Machine-made paper, fine condition, fair hand.
				English
				Information on the Tibetan language and religion, request for meteorological records of Nepal and mention of the specimens of characters sent by Tibetans to Hodgson. The letter was sent from Kotgarh, (India?). The writer is presumably Patrick Gerard, a military surveyor who made several journeys to the borders of Tibet in 1817-1821 [Waller_2007:12].
		5 [vol.22 fol(s)23-30] Comparative vocabularies of Malabar of Ceylon and of Singalese (copies of Hodgson's printed paper on Aborigins of the South) 1850s Machine-made paper, fine condition, printed copies with pencil correction and hand written notes by Hodgson.
				English
				ff. 23-28: Two copies of a printed paper entitled Aborigins of the South by Hodgson consisting of comparative vocabularies of the Malabar and Singalese languages with an English word list ('Malabar' was the old name for Malayalam (spoken in Kerala) but Hodgson apparently used it here for Sri Lankan Tamil) [Hodgson_1850:461-466, ][Hodgson_1880:II, 162-165];
				ff. 29-30: A personal letter to Hodgson briefly describing a minor dispute with a neighbour but covered with pencil notes by Hodgson on ethnic languages;
				f. 30a: An additional leaf from a printed newspaper with a similar linguistic note by Hodgson including a sample of own Hodgson's Nepali writing.
		6 [vol.22 fol(s)31-177] Miscellaneous notes on different ethnic languages and personal and academic correspondence (letters to Hodgson) 1849-1856 Different types of machine-made paper, fine condition, different hands and mostly rough notes and personal letters, much of the material not arranged properly and in many cases manuscripts are over-written, particularly where Hodgson made linguistic notes on letters received.
				English
				ff. 31-73: Vayu or Hayu customs and language [vol 89/02 fol.26-79] ;
				ff. 74-75: Kiranti or Kirawa language (tongue);
				ff. 76 (verso)-96: Kushwar (spelled 'Kuswar' in Hodgson's own published work and by modern writers) or Menzyi (Majhi) customs and language, Kuswar are found mainly along the Bhote Koshi river and are classified by the National Federation of Indigenous Nationalities as a sub-division of the Danuwar ethnic group though regard themselves as a separate group, see [Jest_1977:]. See also [vol 24/03 fol.11-15] . The name Menzyi might be a corruption of Majhi, a label which groups together both the Kuswar and some other Danuwar). For Hodgson's published work on some of these languages, see [Hodgson 1880 Vol. I:161-170];
				ff. 97-153: Bantaba, Thulung, Bahing, Dungmali, Lohrong, Dumi, Khaling, Balali (believed to have been spoken in a village called Bala village in Sankhuwasabha district but now extinct), Missong, Sang (Samakulung of Sankhuwasabha?), Sangpang languages, Kiranti tribal divisions (ff. 112-113);
				ff. 154-157: Newari language;
				ff. 158-177: Nason, Thagi and Dakaiti, Bahing and Lohrong languages. For Hodgson's published essays on the subjects included in the folios mentioned above, see [Hodgson_1880 Vol. I:161-392, ][Hodgson_1874 pt. ii:1-64].
				Letters to Hodgson:
				f. 55 (verso): A letter to Hodgson written on 24 July 1852;
				ff. 56-57: From J. A. Crommelin to Hodgson dated 12 October 1852 requesting a copy of the issue of the The Atlas in which the review of Thomas Thomson's Western Himalaya and Tibet[Thomson_1852: ?? ] was included and also requesting help in capturing a "vile woman" who had robbed Crommelin and fled into Nepal. The writer might perhaps be the Lt. J. A. Crommelin who presented an ammonite fossil at a meeting of the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta on 24 April 1833 when Hodgson himself was admitted as a member of the society, [Asiatic_Society_1833:203];
				ff. 58-59: From Helen Smith to Hodgson regarding her husband's arrival in Kishunganj, India from Titaliya and complaining that she had not received even a single letter of acknowledgement from Hodgson;
				ff. 68-69: From Helen Smith to Hodgson describing her husband's dreadful journey from Titaliya to Kishunganj and letting Hodgson know that she would be in a miserable situation until she gets news of her husband's safe arrival in Calcutta;
				f. 102 (verso): An incomplete letter from a shop-keeper requesting Hodgson to continue favouring him with his custom;
				ff. 104-104a: From G.B. S. Thapa (Gajraj Bahadur Singh Thapa), husband of Jang Bahadur Rana's daughter Badankumari to Hodgson dated 10 October 1855, describing Kharsang (Kersang in original) as better for him than Darjeeling and reporting that his own studies, including English lessons from Henry (Hodgson's son) and the task of translating English history into Nepali, was going smoothly. Hodgson's postal address is given as Brianstone, Oselupahar (possibly for Ainselu Pahad in Darjeeling). For Hodgson's letters to Gajraja's father Hemdal Singh Thapa and Jang Bahadur relating to Gajraj's studies in Darjeeling, see [vol 59/31 fol.161] ;
				f. 106 (verso): A letter from Campbell to Hodgson referring to Henry's state of health and insisting Henry must remain indoors;
				f. 108 (verso): From Campbell thanking Hodgson for his kind support and discussing arrangements for teaching a pupil (probably Gajraj Thapa);
				f. 110: From Campbell to Hodgson concerning Henry's health and a suitable place for him to live. Campbell suggests the Titaliya area as the only option;
				f. 149: From Henry Hodgson to his mother asking to send his personal effects to him from Darjeeling. The letter was sent from a place called Meneherpore (Manoharpur?), possibly located in the area called Titaliya, near Kharsang where Hodgson's friend Dr. Campbell had instructed Henry to stay for health reasons. With the letter, Henry sends his Lepcha servant to Darjeeling to bring his personal things. On the back of the letter, Henry writes: "Please don't delay the Lepscha" and in the letter "I send up my Lepscha with this to bring the things I wrote for yesterday";
				The recipient of the letter must have been Henry's step-mother, Anne Scott, who had married Brian Hodgson in England in 1853 and returned with him to Darjeeling, where she stayed until bad health forced her to return to England in 1857, a year after Henry's death in April 1856 [Waterhouse_2004:14-15]. Henry's biological mother was a Nepali Muslim, Meharunnisha (also known as Musi-dware), who probably became Hodgson's mistress at the end of 1833 and died shortly before his 1853 marriage, since Hodgson's biographer refers to him as complaining to his sister in October 1833 that he was 'without wife, children or the presence of a female', but also records that the liaison 'although not amounting to marriage in the legal sense, was strictly observed as such by both parties as long as she lived and extended over twenty years' [Hunter_1896:77, 86]. There remains the question of why Hodgson did not attempt to bring Meharunnisha to Darjeeling, where he settled in 1845. In a placard of 14 February 1842 (Hodgson's Autograph Book deposited by his second wife Susan Hodgson at the Royal Asiatic Society, London, Item no. XLV), Meharunnisha (under her nickname Musi-dware) was accused of working as Hodgson's agent against the anti-British faction at court. Her name was also included on the list of those expelled from Nepal after the Kot and Bhandarkhal incidents (commonly known in Nepal as Kotparva and Bhandarkhalparva) of 1846, [Rana_2005:33]. See also [Joshi_2004:43-48].
				f. 165: From G. N. Bushby (Secretary to the Governor-General) to Hodgson dated 22 April 1849 describing the language of 'Dacoit (bandit) aborigins' (i.e. presumably one of the groups later classified by the Government of India as 'criminal tribes') and a related manuscript brought to him by the local people. For another letter from the same person but on a different language, see [vol 22/02 fol.16-17] .
		7 [vol.22 fol(s)178-181] Copy of letter from E. A. Rowlatt to F. Jenkins regarding ethnic languages of the Assam area 12-02-1845 Machine-made paper, excellent condition and hand, some additional pencil notes.
				English
				A long letter sent to Jenkins with lists of words of Mikin (obsolete name), Naga, Lalung and Hojai Kachari (Bhoṭiya) languages, but the vocabularies themselves are not kept here but at [vol 9/14 fol.90-103] . Similarly, Jenkins' covering letter can also be found in different volumes [vol 24/10 fol.46] . English and Nepali title description on the verso of f. 181 stating "Assam Dialects. Jenkins recd. July 23/48", "Anega. bhāṣā. purvako, Dārjiliṅkā Achāmakāvoli." Hojai Kachari is today known simply as Kachari.
		8 [vol.22 fol(s)182-185] Yerkala or Kurcha vocabulary and the covering letter from T. J. Newbold to Hodgson 09-09-1848 Machine-made paper, fine condition, fair hand.
				English
				ff. 182-183: English-Yerkala or Kurcha vocabulary collected and sent by T. J. Newbold from Madras, India;
				ff. 184-185: Covering letter from T. J. Newbold to Hodgson reporting that different lists of Tamil, Telugu, Canarese (now normally known as Kannada) and Marāahā were also under preparation for Hodgson by Walter Elliot. 'Yerkla' is an alternative name for the 'Korwa' included on the Indian Government's list of 'other backward classes' for Karnataka. However, in several other sources 'Korwa' are described as a scheduled tribe living mainly in Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and West Bengal. The writer is presumably Thomas John Newbold, an officer with the Madras Light Infantry who was also a member of the Asiatic Society.
		9 [vol.22 fol(s)186-243] Comparative vocabulary and sample sentences of different ethnic dialects of Nepal Machine-made paper, fair condition, rough copies with lots of corrections, rough hands.
				English
				Comparative vocabularies of Khasa, Danuwar, Tharu, Majhi, Chepang, Cole, Newari, Murmi (Tamang), Gurung, Magar, Bhotiya or Kachari and Sherpa (introduced as cis-Himalayan Bhotiyas of different districts with slight diversities of speech), Kiranti, Limbu given in tabular form, some complete and some incomplete. All vocabularies of these ethnic languages are compared with English. For published works by Hodgson on similar subjects, see [Hodgson_1858:317-427, ][Hodgson_1859:393-456, ][Hodgson 1880 vol. I:161 sqq.] For Nepali manuscript on the same subject, see [vol 74/18 fol.186] .
		10 [vol.22 fol(s)246-248] Gondi vocabulary Machine-made paper, fine condition, fair hand in English and excellent hand in Nāgarī, some pencil notes.
				Gondi English Nepali
				List of 188 words of the Gondi language with English meanings for each. For a published essay on this subject, see [Hodgson_1848:550-558].